• Have you heard Space Jam, Ghosts of Girlfriends Past, and so many more movies were added to Netflix this month.
• Try making a collaborative Spotify playlist with friends who are also home.
• Working from home and overloading on television can be a lot, and there’s no better time to step away and start a new hobby like Viking ax throwing.
• Coloring books? That’s right, I bought them.
• Amazon also has a bunch of jigsaw puzzles that can absolutely calm your mind.
• It’s possible you’re apart from your significant other, which makes it the perfect time to start a sexy conversation and get those long distance juices flowing.
• Start following some fitness Youtube accounts for at-home workouts. You don’t need equipment for most of the workouts.
• Now that almost all sporting events have been canceled and leagues have been suspended, get your fix with 10 sports documentaries on Netflix.
• That fancy bottle of wine you’ve been saving for a special occasion? Pop it open or a six pack of Corona Beer (Drinking Coronas won’t make you sick).
• Group FaceTimes exist for a reason. Catch up with friends and you can even watch a movie “together” on your phones!
• If you’ve ever wanted to play around with your furniture and the layout of your home, there’s no time like the present.
• You can even get your culture fix now that some prestigious museums are offering virtual tours.
• Make something you recently spotted on Instagram, like tying some dry flies.
• If you have a dart board use it, it’ll increase your aim and hand – eye coordination.

God Bless and Stay Safe!

Warrior Wishes helps veterans returning to the civilian world.  They sponsor a variety of different programs, including helping veterans continue their education.

To raise funds for this organization I am selling raffle tickets for a Ruger 6.5 Creedmoor Long Range Precision Rifle on my Store Page with the proceeds going to Warrior Wishes.

Tickets are only $10.00 each, and only 200 tickets will be sold!

or

you can donate directly by logging onto the Warrior Wishes Website:

www.warriorwishesmontana.com

Good Luck and Good Hunting

I am looking forward to a long and prosperous relationship with Warrior Wishes.

2019 was another great of a year of hunting for me! I found a way to  make it out in the field a few times and really enjoyed hunting, fishing, mountain biking, skiing, golfing and just being in the great outdoors.

2019 Coyote hunting was hindered due to the harsh winter weather, and the difficulty in getting to prime hunting spots without getting stuck.  But I did manage to bag a few coyotes.  I didn’t see any wolves or fox last year.

  I did manage to find some good turkey hunting spots last spring, and I bagged a nice tom with my bow.  I like to use my bow turkey hunting, because my shotgun is pretty much ineffective past 30 yards.  Even using a full choke and turkey shot.  With my bow I feel comfortable shooting up to 50 yards, almost doubling my range. 

The first day of antelope I spotted a nice buck out in the flats, but I had no way of sneaking up on him without risking spooking them into running onto private ground.  So, I put them to bed, and Sunday morning walked in in the dark and sat in front of a round bale.  I figured that when the sun comes up, he would be right there, but when the sun came up that morning the herd had moved over to the private land during the night.  I sat for four hours waiting for the buck to come back onto public ground.  When I finally shot him, he was only 87 yards away.

There is a deer in my hunting area that I nicknamed Grampa, and he is a Boone & Crocket buck!  I saw him fall of 2018 after I had tagged out, so last year I promised myself I was going to wait to see Grampa until I took a shot.  I was getting a little nervous passing up smaller bucks, but I finally got Grampa the second to the last weekend of the season. 

I went elk hunting twice last fall, both the opening and closing days.  Both days it was blizzarding, and I just kind of guessing where the road was.  So, my bad luck on bagging a bull continued for me last year.  If anybody would like me to come and hunt some elk for them, please let me know.

This year I promised myself to hunt a lot harder, right now I am working out and shooting my bow once a week in preparation for this year’s hunting seasons.  In 2020 I will be trying to fill all my tags, and I will be going after antelope, deer, elk, turkeys, predators and anything else that I can draw a tag for (I would love to shoot a moose)!

A pack of wolves killed eight llamas in the Basin Creek area southeast of Butte last month.

John Steuber, state director of U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services, said three llamas were confirmed wolf kills. The other five are considered probable.

“It was all in the same area,” he said. “The five were older but it was pretty clear they were all killed by wolves.”

Steuber said wolf, mountain lion and grizzly bear depredations of livestock take place all the time across the state.

“It’s not extraordinary,” he said.

But what was a little uncommon about this incident is that wolves don’t normally kill multiple livestock animals at once.

“Most commonly, they get one kill at a time,” Steuber said.

Even so, Jeff LeFever, who lives off Basin Creek Road, said he is worried about his own animals, as well as hikers, bikers and other recreationists in the area. LeFever said the wolves are hanging around Basin Creek Reservoir.

But Nathan Lance, Fish, Wildlife and Parks wolf biologist, said wolf attacks on humans are rare.

He says that if people have concerns about potential encounters they should carry pepper spray. But he said, “there are greater risks out there.”

“I work with wolves in the field, I trap them, I work by myself, I don’t carry a gun or pepper spray,” Lance said. “My biggest concern with humans (and wolf encounters) is their dogs.”

Lance said that if a person does meet a wolf, the best strategy is to stand tall, act aggressively, throw rocks, and slowly back away.

Steuber listed off the animals people in the Basin Creek area might want to do their best to protect, given the wolves’ presence: dogs, cats, sheep, calves or other small animals.

Also, the wolves will be killed, Steuber said.

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Academic debate

Since the reintroduction of wolves, elk populations — which some biologists will argue were unnaturally high in the largest Northern Range herd that migrates into Montana in the winter — have fallen from about 19,000 in 1995 to about 5,000 the last three years. Likewise, wolf numbers have dropped from a high of about 170 in 2003 to roughly 100 now, mirroring a decline in the availability of their main prey — elk.

A debate between scientists continues as to whether or how much the reduction in elk has helped revive tree species like willows and aspen, whose tender shoots are often winter elk food.

Winnie said researchers Scott Creel, of MSU, and Dave Christianson, of the University of Arizona, “pointed out that a decline in elk numbers was sufficient to explain an increase in willow growth noted” by scientist Hawthorne Beyer, of the University of Queensland, Australia, in a study published in 2007. “Beyer was claiming that changes in elk distribution on the landscape due to the risk of wolf predation was leading to willow being released. Boyce argues that (Creel and Christianson) are wrong because elk numbers didn’t decline during the course of Beyer’s study, citing Beyer (2007) to support this argument. Beyer’s figure 2 clearly shows a nearly 50 percent decline in the elk population during the course of his study, making (Creel and Christianson’s) criticism reasonable.”
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Winnie also noted that the 1988 fires and regrowth of aspens in Yellowstone, along with the expansion of grizzly bear ranges to outside the park have been other notable changes over the past 40 years.

“So overall, I think Boyce has the bigger picture right, but I think he’s wrong about some of the details,” Winnie said.

Hunter vs. Wolf

Boyce also discovered that wolves and human hunters influenced elk populations in very different ways.

“Another shortcoming was failure to recognize the strong age selectivity by wolves and hunters,” Boyce wrote. “Hunters preferentially kill bulls, but when they kill cow elk, they primarily kill prime-age females of high reproductive value; cows learn to avoid hunters to the extent that individuals older than about 9-10 are essentially ‘bullet proof.’”

Yellowstone wolf biologist Doug Smith has often referred to the park’s Northern Range herd as some of the toughest elk around.

“In contrast, wolves killed primarily young and old (elk), and as a consequence the per-capita influence of hunters on elk populations was much greater than for those killed by wolves.

“Even after making these adjustments, however, during the second decade after wolf reintroduction, the number of elk averaged lower than predicted by the simulation model.

I believe that this is because bear (Ursus arctos and U. americanus) and cougar (P. concolor) predation was higher than we had anticipated. Grizzly bears have been shown to be highly effective predators on elk calves reducing recruitment by about seven calves/100 cows.”

Other studies have shown that after cutthroat trout numbers in Yellowstone plummeted and with the reduction in whitebark pine seeds, grizzly bears compensated by eating more meat, often elk calves in the spring.

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“One thing he left out, that I and several other researchers believe is important, is the indirect effect of wolves on elk pregnancy rates (the presence of a predator on the landscape reduces prey pregnancy rates — not direct killing),” wrote John Winnie Jr., an associate professor of Ecology at Montana State University in Bozeman, in an email.

Academic debate

Since the reintroduction of wolves, elk populations — which some biologists will argue were unnaturally high in the largest Northern Range herd that migrates into Montana in the winter — have fallen from about 19,000 in 1995 to about 5,000 the last three years. Likewise, wolf numbers have dropped from a high of about 170 in 2003 to roughly 100 now, mirroring a decline in the availability of their main prey — elk.

A debate between scientists continues as to whether or how much the reduction in elk has helped revive tree species like willows and aspen, whose tender shoots are often winter elk food.

Winnie said researchers Scott Creel, of MSU, and Dave Christianson, of the University of Arizona, “pointed out that a decline in elk numbers was sufficient to explain an increase in willow growth noted” by scientist Hawthorne Beyer, of the University of Queensland, Australia, in a study published in 2007. “Beyer was claiming that changes in elk distribution on the landscape due to the risk of wolf predation was leading to willow being released. Boyce argues that (Creel and Christianson) are wrong because elk numbers didn’t decline during the course of Beyer’s study, citing Beyer (2007) to support this argument. Beyer’s figure 2 clearly shows a nearly 50 percent decline in the elk population during the course of his study, making (Creel and Christianson’s) criticism reasonable.”

Winnie also noted that the 1988 fires and regrowth of aspens in Yellowstone, along with the expansion of grizzly bear ranges to outside the park have been other notable changes over the past 40 years.

“So overall, I think Boyce has the bigger picture right, but I think he’s wrong about some of the details,” Winnie said.

Wolves return

“In 1995, 14 wolves from Alberta were released in Yellowstone, supplemented by another 17 Canadian wolves in 1996,” Boyce wrote.

For the first 10 years after wolf reintroduction, Boyce said he was “pretty smug” about how well his model followed what happened in the park. But when he dug into the model a third time, he found that some of the parameters were wrong.

“Ninety-five percent of the prey was elk in the first decade,” he said. “So that was wrong.”
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Wolves, he had predicted, were supposed to dine on other species like deer, moose and the occasional bison as well, but elk proved to be by far the most popular item on the big canines’ menu.

 “He makes some really good points about how hard it is to predict ecological conditions,” said Merav Ben-David, a professor and head of the University of Wyoming’s Zoology and Physiology department. “I was impressed he was willing to admit his mistakes.

“We have to be careful when we model because ecological ecosystems are complicated, and we can’t predict how things will change,” she said.

Over the next few weeks, I will present a series of articles interviewing the biologist that was a big player in the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park.  What he says is going to say will definitely surprise you!

More than 40 years ago a young Mark Boyce landed his first teaching job at the University of Wyoming’s Department of Zoology and Physiology.

In that inaugural year he made his initial visit to nearby Yellowstone National Park and soon after began teaching a field course there.

“Suddenly I was in the thick of things,” he said in a telephone interview.

Now 68 and a professor of Ecology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, Boyce was honored in 2017 by the American Society of Mammologists with the C. Hart Merriam Award.

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Merriam, who died in 1942, was an exceptionally dedicated scientist. At the age of 16 he was appointed naturalist of the Hayden Geological Survey of 1872, which explored what had just been designated the nation’s first national park — Yellowstone. In 1888 Merriam helped found the National Geographic Society. Hunters and bird watchers may recognize Merriam’s name attached to the species of turkey that roams the ponderosa pine forests of Montana and other western states.

As part of the award, Boyce presented a paper reflecting on his 40 years of work — as well as the work of some of his students and colleagues — on the reintroduction of wolves to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Boyce cited many other studies in his paper but noted with a laugh he was contacted by a few more researchers for missing their work.

Boyce’s involvement began when he was asked by the park to develop a computer population model for elk to understand what would happen if wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone. So, Boyce went to work, borrowing information from scientific studies to calculate how the wolf and elk populations would expand or contract. By 1988 he produced the first model, which was revised in 1992. The work was included in information submitted to Congress to bolster the National Park Service’s argument that wolves should be returned to Yellowstone.

“This was very unpopular in Wyoming at the time,” Boyce said. “The Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation wrote to the president of the University of Wyoming demanding I be fired. Fortunately, the president believed in academic freedom.”

I have always been a little spoiled on deer and antelope hunting, since my family has a ranch that I can hunt on.  My family and I have always been real conservative only allowing family members and a few close friends to hunt on the ranch.  Typically, only allowing two or three mature bucks to be taken off the property a year.  The rule was to only harvest mature bucks (four points or bigger) thus insuring continued good hunting possibilities on the ranch in the future.  I know this sounds a little greedy, but I feel that I earned the privilege because my Dad took it out my hide when I was kid.  In the summertime my Dad got me up at five in the morning and worked me to nine at night. 

Last year the Montana FWP purchased the ranch north of ours and opened it to public hunting.  This was good for everybody but me.  I felt that my deer hunting was going to get harder, but there was no reason to worry about it since there was nothing that I could do anyway.  Instead of the number of deer and antelope decreasing they became nonexistent.  There is nothing left living on my family’s ranch.  Hunters must have killed every deer and antelope on the place last fall, so the hunting isn’t just bad for me, but for everybody else too. 

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Don’t get me wrong I am all for Montana FWP opening public land hunting opportunities, and I commend them for it.  So how to do you stop a public land hunting area from getting hunted out?  Well I have always been a big proponent of only being able to harvest mature bucks (four points or bigger).  If you shoot all the spikes and two-point bucks in an area there will be no mature bucks to harvest!  If you are a meat hunter then harvest a doe!

Tell me what you think?